The Strategic Manager Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Strategic Manager - Assignment Example This is the three aspects that can be described as ‘layers’ of the business environment, which surrounds the organization. Macro-environment is said to be the most influential aspect of the environment that surrounds any organization. It comprises of the factors that impact to a greater or lesser extent on almost all organizations. Changes in macro-environment can have a negative or positive influence on an individual organization. The most commonly used framework that is used to analyze the macro-environment of an organization is referred to as PESTEL, which identifies the future trends of an organization in terms of political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal environment. Strategies will have to change depending on how a business organization adopts to certain changes in macro-environment. A strategic manager will have to alter a strategy if a factor in macro-environment such as technology changes in the future. The other ‘layer’ within the broad environment of business organization after macro-environment is the industry or a sector. An industry is a group of organization producing the same products or services. A strategic manager can use Porter’s five forces framework and cycle of competition concept to understand how the competitive dynamic around and within an industry are changing from time to time. Porter’s five forces framework was established to assess the attractiveness (profit potential) of different industries. A strategic manager can use this framework to identify the source competition in an industry or sector. These forces are very important to analyze the competitive environment that surrounds a business organization, it should be however be noted that the five forces are not independent since pressure in one direction can trigger off changes in a dynamic process of shifting source of competition. Competitors and market are the next immediate layer

Peace and conflict studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Peace and conflict studies - Essay Example Conflict resolution can be defined as a situation in which the conflicting parties go into an agreement that provides solution to their core incompatibilities, acknowledge the other individual’s continued subsistence as parties and stop all violent actions directed towards the other individual. Conflict resolution usually comes after a conflict (Wallensteen 8). Conflict Resolution Paradigm: Peace through the Power of Communication The paradigm provides a more practical approach to peace through the creation and refinement of the skills necessary for the analysis of conflict and responds to the conflict with effective communication and negotiation strategies (Funk 1). According to this paradigm, conflict is found at all the levels of organization and human interaction and it ranges from interpersonal to international. Although conflict causes great human suffering and separation, it does not lead to violence; the conflict is necessary for the main changes in the social systems and relationships (Funk 1). Peace is a continuous process that skillfully deals with the prevention or the transformation of conflict. Effective management and resolution of conflict requires the awareness of an individual’s attitudes towards conflict and regular conflict management styles such as collaborative, competitive, submissive and avoidant and other styles. This is done in order to achieve freedom that defines an individual’s response in a coordinated and proactive manner. The awareness enhances the chances of a win-win rather than lose-lose or win-lose solution. The paradigm helps the individual (a) to understand and operate his or her emotions, (b) to create openness to a more reliable communication, and (c) to manage the processes that can lead to escalation of a conflict (Funk 1). Conflict resolution paradigm proponents approach peace through straight interactions with the others. If peace is required, the suggestion provided is the development of skills f or coexistence and communication (Funk 1). Nonviolence Paradigm: Peace through Willpower The paradigm proposes that the government power is derived primarily from the people’s consent and secondarily from intimidation. By consenting to the affairs of the state and working within the norms’ framework, the individuals authorize that order. If the norms are dehumanizing, the individuals dehumanize and disempower themselves (Funk 1). The peace that coexists between human communities cannot be attained through violence nor can the democracy be achieved through armed rebellion within the society. Therefore, peace cannot be disentangled from justice and justice encompasses the lack of oppression; this is regardless of whether it was perpetrated directly through the use of weapons or indirectly thorough the inequitable institutions and structures (Funk 1). In a nutshell, peace only coexists in the absence of violence. According to this paradigm, the legitimate power is derived from the human solidarity and willpower rather from the violence; the violence undermines the community and bears seeds of destruction. The nonviolence paradigm provides a move towards peacemaking. Peacemaking has been utilized to counter any forms of political repression and social discrimination and resist foreign occupation and imperialism (Funk 1). My Opinion

3 Types of Love in Romeo Annd Juliet Essay Example for Free

3 Types of Love in Romeo Annd Juliet Essay Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet, a play of two young lovers from opposing families is mainly based on the theme of love and hate. Love is presented right from the start and perhaps the most obvious subject is different kinds of love that involved in this play. Shakespeare used the characters and imagery to portray courtly love, dutiful love and romantic love. Shakespeare used the relationship of Romeo and Rosaline, Paris and Juliet to present courtly love. Romeo is terribly in love with Rosaline but the love is not returned which turns out Romeo unrequited love to Rosaline. Shut up his windows, lock fair daylight out and makes himself an artificial night. (l, i, 134-135) The imagery made a depressed atmosphere, Shakespeare created a difference between light and dark, also portrayed the miserable and sorrowful feeling of Romeo. Same as Romeo, Paris loved Juliet very much. So will ye, I am sure, that you love me. (V, i, 26) Paris is accepted by Capulet and glad to marry Juliet but he doesnt know that Juliet is married to Romeo secretly by Friar Lawrence. Dutiful love is a major love that Shakespeare have presented throughout the play, specially in the Capulet family. Ill look to like, if looking liking move, but no more deep will I endart mine eye than you consent gives strength to make it fly. (l, iii, 99-101) Juliet have always been faithful and dutiful to her parents but became independent after meeting Romeo. Not proud you have, but thankful that you have. Proud can I never be of what I hate, But thankful even for hate that is meant love. (Ill, iii ii, 146-148) Shakespeare have presented dutiful love from Juliets words and sayings, he also contrasted the change of Juliets love to her parents before and after meeting Romeo. Parental love is a kind of dutiful love shown in Romeo and Juliet. Capulet and Lady Capulet wants their daughter to marry Paris Marry, my child, early next Thursday morn the gallant. young and noble gentleman, the county Paris, at Saint Peters Church, shall happily make thee there Joyful bride. (Ill, iiiii, 112-115) The loving parents arranged the marriage to lift out sorrow and to decide the best for Juliet, but unfortunately their love is not what Juliet expected. Shakespeare also used the presented love in the characters speeches. Shakespeare wrote romantic love in several levels. Shakespeare sets the lovers in to opposing families, therefore, the couple feels that things will go unsatisfactorily for them. Then true love of Romeo and Juliet then increased by the feud where Shakespeare included Tybalt to compared dutiful love and romantic love. In the end, Romeo and Juliet killed themselves due to the strong love they both felt for each other. From fatal the fatal loins of these two foes a pair of star-crossed lovers take their life (Chorus, prologue, 5-6) Shakespeare portrayed the two lovers as stars and also beauty and love of Juliet as sun It is the East, and Juliet is the sun! Arise, fair

The Franciscan Complex :: Essays Papers

The Franciscan Complex Introduction The Franciscan Terrane of central California represents an accretionary complex formed by long-term subduction of an oceanic plate under the Western margin of the North American craton. The Franciscan complex is composed of three distinguishable belts: the eastern belt (Yolla Bolly and Pickett Peak terranes), the central belt, and the coastal belt. Age and metamorphic grade of the belts decreases to the west (Blake and Jones, 1981). Formation of the accretionary complex began during the late Jurassic in the eastern belt and has continued into the Miocene along the western coastal belt. The complex trends NNW and is bounded by the San Andreas Fault to the east and by the coastal range fault to the west. The coast range fault separates the Franciscan complex with the partly coeval Great Valley sequence. Debate exists over the tectonic evolution of the Franciscan, centered around the geographic origin of the Franciscan rock units. Characterization of the Three Belts The coastal belt of the Franciscan Complex is composed of the youngest and least deformed units and makes up the western quarter of all Franciscan rocks. The rocks of the coastal belt are composed of arkosic sandstones, andesitic graywackes, and quartzofeldspathic graywackes interbedded with radiolarian chert (turbidite deposits) (Blake and Jones, 1981). These sedimentary rocks suggest a depositional environment of deep-sea fan systems with both oceanic and continental provenance. Parts of the belt show evidence of later metamorphism, principally due to subduction. Low-grade blueschist mineral facies are indicated by the presence of minerals such as laumonite and prehnite-pumpellyite (Blake and Jones, 1981). All rock units show evidence of thrust (imbricate) faulting due to the compressional forces of subduction. Ages of the coastal belt run from as little as 40 Ma (Eocene) to as old as 100 Ma (middle Cretaceous). The central belt of the Franciscan Complex represents older and more metamorphosed units of rock best characterized as a melange. Blocks of graywacke, greenstone, chert, limestone, and blueschists are sheared and thrust upon one another in a choatic mix (Isozaki and Blake, 1994). In contrast to the coastal belt, metamorphism is higher in grade here and dominated by pumpellyite which formed within the matrix of graywacke (Hagstrum and Murchey, 1993). The mixing of these units makes a stratigraphic subdivision difficult but analysis of the graywacke slabs indicates that the depositional environment was also deep sea, near to the continent. Turbidity currents in this environment deposited much of the sediment in both the coastal and central belts.

Janmar Coatings Case Analysis

Janmar Coatings, Inc. | To:| Ronald Burns| Subject:| Janmar Coatings, Inc. Suggestions| Comments:| The problem facing Janmar Coatings, Inc. is deciding where and how to execute corporate marketing efforts in the southwestern United States. Janmar Coatings is currently marketing to 50 counties, their main focus area so far has been the 11 counties in the Dallas-Fort Worth area. The main issue Ronald Burns, the president of Janmar Coatings, is having is trying to come up with a solution to market his company in the most cost effective way during 2005.After 2 long meetings with his executive team he still has no clear direction. He has gathered an approach from each of his team members, including: VP of Advertising, VP of Sales, VP of Operations, and VP of Finance, and now has four solutions to consider. The VP of Advertising has proposed to increase corporate advertising with an large emphasis on television. The VP of Sales proposed hiring a new field representative to help generate ne w accounts. The VP of Operations has proposed a 20% price cut on all Janmar product sales.The VP of Finance proposed that nothing be done; that the company continue with their current efforts and keep a 35% contribution margin. After looking at the company’s overall goals and finances, I would agree with the VP of Sales. Based on his suggestion, I believe it would be a smart time to hire a new sales representative for Janmar. The cost attributed to company for hiring a new sales representative would be $60,000 per year. And the amount of sales revenue needed to cover this expense is $170,000.However, if this sales representative position is correctly used, they will be able to make this margin back rapidly. Because by concentrating on only developing new retail accounts in the non-DFW area, the company could generate lots of sales to a brand new buyer market. Janmar has realized that they need to focus more energy on the ‘Do-it-yourselfers’ as they say, or DIY po pulation, and the non-DFW area seems to be where most of these consumers are located. It was mentioned that product prices would need to be lowered 40% in order to attract contractors, but that is not an immediate worry.Janmar needs to focus all their current energies on the DIY consumers and professional painters. Hiring a new sales representative would be the smartest decision right now because they will know every detail of the products and have the ability to market that properly to each of those consumer segments. However, I have also considered the Vice President of Advertising’s suggestion that they should increase advertising expense by $350,000. While initially, increasing advertising expenses sounds like a good thing to do, this decision would almost double the current advertising expenditure.Janmar is spending around 3% of revene on advertising and sales promotions efforts; which comes out to nearly $360,000. And while it may By increasing advertising expenses by $ 350,000, an additional $1,000,000 in sales will need to be recovered to make up for this expenditure. Mr. Burns makes a valid point by saying that 75% of the audience advertised too is not buying paint. With 25% of your audience only looking to buy paint, it would not be worth the risk of not increasing sales by $1,000,000, to implement the extra advertising expense.Also, I considered the Vice President of Operations proposal for a 20% price cut on all Janmar Coatings, Inc products. Price cuts are always something that needs to be entered into with extreme caution. Even the slightest 1-2% drop in price can lead to a huge drop in margin. In Janmar’s situation, if they choose to implement a 20% price cut, they decrease their overall sales dollars by $2. 4 mm. And their variable cost will not be effected by this price cut to their cost of goods sold will be held constant.In the end reducing their gross profit by 50%, which is extremely high. By implementing this price cut too, t hey would be lowering their contribution margin by almost 60%. While initially, a price cut may seem very appealing to the consumers, the overall toll it will take on the contribution margin and sales dollars generated by Janmar, it would not be a smart decision to move forward in making that a reality. Now, the Vice President of Finance suggested pursuing the current approach. His idea is that Janmar Coatings has always, and will continue, to be successful.The contribution is high, just because an increase in costs doesn’t mean there will be an increase in sales, so why do anything different? Although the VP of Finance has valid points, there is obviously something that needs to be done, or else 22 meetings would not have been necessary. Yes there is a great contribution now, but if things stayed the same, other companies may become more popular and generate more sales than we do and push us out. Based on information from 2004, Janmar currently has a 15% market share in the 50-county service area. If Janmar just stays where they are, they could ose market share as well. It is true that with any expenditure, sales have to increase to compensate for those expenditures, but a company cannot merely stay â€Å"neutral† when something absolutely has to be done. There is a way to introduce a plan that will generate sales to compensate for the expenditure. In this case, simply adding a new sales representative seems to be the best, lowest risk, most probable solution in this case. Lastly, to do a more in depth review the Vice President of Sales suggestion to bring on a new field representative to the sales force.The focus for this new representative would be to focus on developing retail account leads and calling on professional painters to gain new business through dealers. In the overall non-Dallas Fort Worth area, the penetration of Janmar is only 16%, so this representative would only concentrate in this area. Over the last 5 years, Janmar has focus ed most all of the actions toward the DFW area, while the non-DFW area has started to grow. The non-DFW area sales have grown 23% over those 5 years. DIY customers represent a higher percentage of sales than professionals in both areas.However, DIY customers represent 90% of sales in non-DFW areas. Because our contribution margin is 35%, with the addition of a new representative costing $60,000, about $171,429 additional in sales would be needed to recover the expense. With the addition of a sales representative, though, this sales rep could be focused on the non-DFW area and create account leads with more professional painters. The company would need a price cut of about 40% to attract contractors, but if the company could also just create awareness among more professionals in the non-DFW area, more sales could be generated there.Let’s not focus on contractors right now, and get the professional sales in the non-DFW area up, and create more accounts with them. Sales in the D FW area and non-DFW area in the last 5 years:Increase Advertising Spending (emphasis on television): Current advertising spending| 3% of sales=. 03*12mm=$360,000| Sales needed to recover advertising expenditure| $350,000/. 35(CM)=$1,000,000| 20% Price Cut on all Janmar products: Current: Sales Gross Profit CM| Sales: $12mmGross Profit: $4. mmCM: 40%| Sales, Gross Profit, and CM changes after 20% price cut| Sales: $9. 6mm ($2. 4mm change)Gross Profit: $2. 4 mm ($2. 4mm/50% change)CM: 25% (60% decrease)| | | | Adding another Sales Representative to the work force: Current Sales Reps| 8 field reps that cast about $480,000 +commission (assuming they receive the $60,000 salary the new rep would receive)| Sales needed to recover new rep expenditure| $60,000/. 35 (CM) = $171,428. 57| Janmar Market Share of architectural paint and allied products| 15% |

Causes and Effects of Water Pollution - 1292 Words

70 % of our Earth surface is covered by water and almost 60% of the human body contain water for nutrient transportation. The unique characteristic of water is water molecule is the only substance in this Earth that exist in all three physical states of matter which are solid, liquid and gas. All human beings need water to survive. The national development over the years cause the rate of water pollution increased. According to Gebre Rooijen (2009) water pollution can be considered as a sign that derives from economic growth and is a common phenomenon in urbanized cities in developing countries. In general, there are three main issues that related to water pollution which are the causes, effects and the way to decrease this problem. What makes water pollution occur? Firstly, urbanisation in which people move to the big cities can cause physical disturbance on land due construction of houses, industries, roads, etc. According to Mohan Rao,1971; CPHERI, 1972 water pollution occurs when there is a removal from the industrial sector, emissions from municipal waste, and elimination of defective products affect water quality. In addition to construction works, chemical pollution from industries and mines are also contributing to even worsened water pollution. Over population in certain cities causing inadequate sewage collection and treatment with unmanaged litter, plus increase in fertilisers to grow more food. This results in an increase in nutrients (nitrates andShow MoreRelatedWater Pollution : Causes And Effects2288 Words   |  10 PagesWater Pollution Water pollution occurs when there is an accumulation of substances in water that would then cause issues for humans and animals. The main aspect that determines the pollution is the amount of pollutants that are present and how large the body of water is. In other words, the quantity of pollutants in relation to the size of the body of water. The earth has two types of water resources: surface and ground water. The surface water is stored in lakes, oceans, and rivers while the groundRead MoreWhat Causes Water Pollution And Its Effects Essay901 Words   |  4 PagesWhat Causes Water Pollution and its Effects The shoreline became a black gooey mess that killed countless birds, and completely devastated marine life! This environmental disaster is only one example of severe water pollution. Therefore, it becomes essential to understand the causes and effects of pollution. Water pollution is a serious problem for the environment. It should be solved on a large scale at the level of states and federal governmental levels. If the public becomesRead MoreWhat Causes Water Pollution And Its Effects1147 Words   |  5 PagesWhat Causes Water Pollution and its Effects The shoreline became a black gooey mess that killed countless birds, and completely devastated marine life! This environmental disaster is only one example of severe water pollution. Therefore, it becomes essential to understand the causes and effects of pollution. Water pollution is a serious problem for the environment. It should be solved on a large scale at the level of states and federal governmental levels. If the public becomesRead MoreEssay about Causes and Effects of Water Pollution613 Words   |  3 PagesThere are many causes for water pollution. The main one is plastics. The reason for that is that plastics take four hundred and fifty years to decompose in the water. Also many companies use plastic and people throw it in the waterways. Because water can float and be carried by the wind, it can cause harm to unsuspecting creatures hundreds of feet from where it was originally dumped. Such waste includes bags, bottles, cups, straws, cup lids, utensils, six pack holders, cling wrap, fishing lineRead MoreThe Effects Of Pollution On The Environment And Ecosystem968 Words   |  4 PagesPollution The air we breathe, the water we drink, the ground where we grow our food, is polluted with harmful things. Pollution is the introduction of harmful or poisonous effects of a substance into the environment. It disrupts the balance of people’s lifestyle when they are contaminate. Pollution balance in the environment and ecosystem. The environment is in the process of becoming unsafe or unsuitable to use. Pollution can come in many different form, such as air, water, soil can have pollutantRead MorePoison Water Essay1030 Words   |  5 PagesPoison Water The consequence of polluting the earth is constantly ignored by human beings. 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Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants. It is any discharge of material or energy into water, land, or air that causes or may cause acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term) detrimentRead MoreEffects Of Air Pollution Essay1282 Words   |  6 Pagesmany kinds of pollution, but one that has the most impact on humans would be air pollution. In order to live, we must breathe air and surprisingly some things that we breathe takes a toll on our health. Air pollution occurs when pollutants are released into the atmosphere. It has both chronic and acute effects on human health which effects a number of different systems and organsFossil fuel combustion such as diesel fuel, coal, gasoline and natural gas is the main source of air pollution. Most of this

The Importance Of The American Dream - 918 Words

As long as America has existed, there has been a constant belief that everyone will be rewarded for their hard work through the American Dream, but for one American, Lilly Ledbetter, success has not always come that easily. While working for GoodYear, Ledbetter learned that she was earning less money than her male counterparts. In addition, she was being sexually harassed by her coworkers and punished with poor reviews when she did not comply with their suggestions. As a result, even though Ledbetter worked just as much, if not more, than her male co workers, she was not rewarded as the Dream promises. There have been many factors over the course of history that have threatened the American Dream. Stereotypes and racism have long existed†¦show more content†¦Less respect is given to such jobs by the majority of Americans, so although there is nothing wrong with choosing to work in this job if it is enjoyable, those who do chose to are looked down upon for their choice and cl assified as the lower class. This limits the opportunities of these citizens because although they may be just as skilled as any other citizen, their abilities are dismissed because they work in an assumedly racially typical job. Another common judgment that limits the opportunities of Americans is that black youth are inherently troublemakers, and do not possess the drive to be successful. A large population of Americans view black youth in such a way after seeing a poor representation of the race, such as through gangs or criminal activity. However, these gangs only represent a small population of African-American youth. Since these children are automatically dismissed as citizens who are not driven to succeed, they do not receive the support and encouragement vital to success. Furthermore, police brutality and white supremacist rallies also pose a challenge to the American Dream for people of color because they threaten the safety of American lives and create opposition towards ordinary Americans solely because of the color of their skin. Although numerous white American citizens argue that police brutality is not a growing problem and white supremacy rallies should just be ignored, both threaten theShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of The American Dream918 Words   |  4 Pagesthere are some individuals who want the American dream, such as non-Americans. Even though immigrants essentially founded the American dream as the thirteen colonies expanded, current bans preventing entry from certain countries and regulations attempting to deport others seem to rip that dream out of their grasp. Contrary to popular beliefs, the American dream is not the white picket fence vision we were taught in high school history. Instead, the American dream is the desire to live comfortably withinRead MoreThe Importance Of The American Dream1547 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Dream, an ideal first defined by James Truslow Adams in the 1931 novel Epic of America. Adams (1931) defined the dream as, The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone... (p. 214). The dream of our ancestors has not changed with the passage of time, but achieving the dream has become much more difficult for the average American. Reviewing data compiled the last few decades paints a bleak picture, wage disparities haveRead MoreThe Importance Of The American Dream1321 Words   |  6 PagesFormer First Lady, Michelle Obama, eloquently summarized the American Dream at the Democratic National Convention in 2012. â€Å"Barack knows the American Dream because hes lived it...and he wants everyone in this country to have that same opportunity, no matter who we are, or where were from, or what we look like, or who we love. And he believes that when youve worked hard, and done well, and walked through that doorway of opportunity...you do not slam it shut behind you...you reach back, and youRead MoreThe Importance Of The Americ an Dream916 Words   |  4 Pages During the 21st century, there has been a realignment of both social classes and habits due to the events of the last 20 years that make the American dream of the second half of the 20th century impossible to attain. According to Dictionary.com, the American dream is the ideals of opportunity, freedoms, and equality for all Americans. The American dream can no longer be attained for many reasons, but one big reason would be that people of this generation’s interests are not the same of those ofRead MoreThe Importance Of The American Dream1363 Words   |  6 Pages its possible to achieve the American dream.† -Tommy Hilfiger. What is the American dream? How is it possible to achieve the American dream if there are large corporations ruining it for the companies trying to reach such dream? The American dream consists of the ideal that every US citizen should have an equal opportunity to achieve success and prosperity through hard work , determination, and initiative. What about those who are starting a new business whose dream is to become a large organizationRead MoreThe Importance Of The American Dream1231 Words   |  5 Pageswanted to be successful and powerful. The American Dream or the idea that everyone in the U.S. has an equal opportunity to succeed has been around since 1931. The problem with the American dream today is that in reality people don’t have the same opportunities as they used to. The American Dream may actually just be a dream with no real evidence to prove it’s true. Rana Foroohar, author of â€Å"What Ever Happened to Upward Mobility,† discusses why the American Dream isn’t the same as it used to be and howRead MoreThe Importance Of The American Dream1057 Words   |  5 Pagesthis country today don’t believe that the American dream is alive. Fifty-nine percent of those polled in June agreed that â€Å"the American dream has become impossible for most people to achieve. More and more Americans believe there is â€Å"not much opportunity† to get ahead†(Alternet). Many adults of the middle and lower classes American population no longer the American dream is no longer attainable because most if not all of the key elements of the American dream are no longer attainable. With financialRead MoreThe Importance Of The American Dream1732 Words   |  7 PagesTo achieve the American Dream, one must work hard and have the dedication to be successful. There are myths relating to this dream leaving lower class members to wonder if the dream exists for them. People in lower class are told if they want to be successful they must put in hard work and true effort. Once they do, they see that they are remaining in the same position they started in. In â€Å"Class of America-2012,† Gregory Mantsios states the ideas of class in the US and explains them. One myth addressedRead MoreThe Importance Of The American Dream773 Words   |  4 PagesThe American dream has changed drastically thru our history. Back in the 1950 and 1960 the American dream was to have the house with the white picket fence and the 2  ½ kids. Now the dream for a lot of people is to be able to pay their bills and maybe have enough money to go out for a nice little dinner that you did not have to cook yourself. The American dream is dead, it is because the concept has changed from the idea that everyone can improve their life through hard work to the idea that everyoneRead MoreThe Importance Of The American Dream1628 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Dream, an ideal first defined by James Truslow Adams in the 1931 novel Epic of America. Adams (1931) defined the dream as, The American Dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone... (p. 214). The dream of our ancestors has not changed with the passage of time, but achieving the dream has become much more difficult for the average Americ an. Reviewing data compiled the last few decades paints a bleak picture, wage disparities have